| Ivan Mažuranić | |
|---|---|
Portrait of Ivan Mažuranić |
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| Born | 11 August 1814 |
| Died | 4 August 1890 (aged 75) |
| Nationality | Croatian |
| Occupation | Poet, Politician |
| Known for | The Death of Smail-aga Čengić (poem) |
| Relatives | Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (granddaughter) |
Ivan Mažuranić (pronounced [ǐv̞an maʒǔranitɕ]; 11 August 1814 – 4 August 1890) was a Croatian poet, linguist and politician—probably the most important figure in Croatia's cultural life in the mid-19th century. Mažuranić served as Ban of Croatia-Slavonia between 1873 and 1880.
His realistic assessment of strengths and weaknesses of Croatia's position between the hammer of Austrian bureaucracy and the anvil of Hungarian expansionist nationalism served his country invaluably in times of political turmoil. Mažuranić is best remembered for the "triple accomplishment"—contributions in economics, linguistics, and poetry.
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Mažuranić was born into a well-to-do yeoman family in Novi Vinodolski in northern coastal Croatia. He became a man of many abilities: he spoke 9 languages and was well versed in astronomy and mathematics.
Mažuranić was the first Croatian ban not to hail from old nobility, as he was born a commoner.[1] He was a member of the People's Party.
He accomplished the Croatian transition from a semifeudal legal and economic system to a modern civil society similar to those emerging in other countries in central Europe.
Mažuranić has modernized Croatia's educational system by forming a public school network and reducing the importance of denominational schools;[1] a process seen by some later Serbian ideologues as an intentional blow to the integrity of Serbdom in Croatian lands. Others consider this to have been a necessary step in modernization and secularization of Croatian society.
His linguistic work is remarkable for its enormous influence. Mažuranić's "German-Illyrian/Croatian Dictionary", 1842 (coauthored with Josip Užarević) is at the very heart of modern Croatian civilization, since in this 40,000-entry dictionary the principal author Mažuranić had coined words that have become commonplace in standard Croatian—for instance, Croatian words for bank accountancy, rhinoceros, sculptor, ice-cream, market economy, high treason or metropolis. He was much more than "language-recorder"; "language-shaper" would be a better description.
But, in his native land, Mažuranić is above all the beloved poet of Smrt Smail age Čengića—"The Death of Smail-aga Čengić", 1845. This epic poem is full of memorable verses that have become embedded in the national memory of his people, who cherished it as the treasure of a "Homeric" wisdom praising such epic virtues as fortitude, fidelity and justice.
The tale is based on an assault in Montenegro, when a petty local Muslim tyrant was killed, as an act of vendetta, in an ambush set by Montenegrins. Mažuranić's poetry transformed a rather prosaic act of tribal revenge into a hymn celebrating the struggle for freedom—acted out under the hostile forces of fatality.
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Ljutit aga mrko gleda |
The angry aga glumly glances |
Following in the steps of Croatian poets like Kačić and Ivan Gundulić (his chief national influence, whose main epic Osman Mažuranić completed), Mažuranić closed the era of Romanticism and of classic epic poetry in Croatian literature.
Mažuranić's portrait is depicted on the obverse of the Croatian 100 kuna banknote, issued in 1993 and 2002.[2]
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Koloman Bedeković |
Ban of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 1873–1880 |
Succeeded by Ladislav Pejačević |
| Cultural offices | ||
| Preceded by Ambroz Vranyczany |
President of Matica hrvatska 1858–1872 |
Succeeded by Matija Mesić |
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